Contains ingredients important for the synthesis of dopamine, a catecholamine important for positive affect, mood, and memory*
Key ingredients
N-acetyl-L-cysteine: Precursor to L-cysteine (1). L-cysteine is required for the synthesis of glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant important for mediating oxidative stress in dopaminergic cells (2, 3).
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine: L-tyrosine is a precursor to catecholamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
Mucuna cochinchinensis seed extract (99% L-DOPA): Natural source of L-DOPA (4). L-DOPA crosses the blood-brain barrier and is the direct precursor to dopamine(5).*
Vitamins B and C: Active forms of vitamin B6, folate, and C are important for catecholamine synthesis(6-8).*
References
- Rushworth G and Megson I. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;141(2):150-9.
- Schmitt B, et al. Redox Biol. 2015;6:198-205.
- Smeyne M and Smeyne R. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;62:13-25.
- Tuleun C, et al. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2008;20(10).
- Pardridge W. NeuroRx. 2005:2(1):3-14.
- Dakshinamurti K, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;585:128-44.
- Levine M, et al. J Biol chem. 1985;260(24):12942-7.
- Stahl S. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(9):1352-3.
